Shinto

SHINTO -  Shinto also called kami-no-michi, is a Japanese religion.  It focuses on ritual practices to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past.   Shinto practices were first recorded and codified in the written historical records of the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki in the 8th century.   Still, these earliest Japanese writings do not refer to a unified "Shinto religion", but rather to a collection of native beliefs and mythology.  Shinto today is a term that applies to the religion of public shrines devoted to the worship of a multitude of gods (kami), suited to various purposes such as war memorials and harvest festivals, and applies as well to various sectarian organizations.   Practitioners express their diverse beliefs through a standard language and practice, adopting a similar style in dress and ritual, dating from around the time of the Nara and Heian periods (8th to 12th centuries AD).

Shinto is the largest religion in Japan, practiced by nearly 80% of the population.  "Shinto" has different meanings in Japan: most of the Japanese attend Shinto shrines and beseech kami without belonging to an institutional "Shinto" religion, and since there are no formal rituals to become a member of "folk Shinto", "Shinto membership" is often estimated counting those who join organized Shinto sects.   Shinto has 81,000 shrines and 85,000 priests in the country.

Kami or shin is defined in English as "god", "spirit", "spiritual essence", all these terms meaning 'the energy generating a thing'.   Since the Japanese language does not distinguish between singular and plural, kami refers to the divinity, or sacred essence, that manifests in multiple forms.   Rocks, trees, rivers, animals, places, and even people can be said to possess the nature of kami.